An investigation of the glucose concentration of the cell sap in potato

An examination of the glucose grouping of the cell sap in potato cells In this examination I expect to research the impacts of assimilation on potato cells. In particular, I expect to utilize my insight into assimilation to examine the glucose centralization of the cell sap in potato cells. Assimilation is a strategy by which water levels on either side of a semi penetrable film may adjust themselves. It happens between locales of high water focus and low water fixation. As it is a unique technique for dissemination select to water, it additionally permits weaken also, concentrated answers for balance their qualities. It does this by forestalling huge non-water particles from going through the semi-porous layer because of their size, all together that the water levels on either side may liken, paying little heed to the arrangement's other substance. Assimilation is inactive, in other words it doesn't require vitality all together to be performed. This is on the grounds that it happens exclusively between locales of high and low water focus. The bearing and speed of assimilation relies upon the two arrangements' osmotic potential. This is the proportion of the weight by which the water atoms of an answer diffuse over a semi-porous layer. An answer's latent capacity is characterized by its fixation. The progressively solvent an answer has in it, the lower its water fixation furthermore, the lower its osmotic potential. In the model beneath sugar particles speak to the solvent. Cell sap is contained in the vacuole of a cell and is a section glucose, part water arrangement. The film of the cell goes about as a semi-porous film across which assimilation happens (see beneath). On account of assimilation into and out of the vacuole, it happens across two films - the plasmalemma and the tonoplast. At the point when assimilation happens, water may enter or leave the vacuole as per the convergence of the substances inside and outside the potato cell. In the model underneath we witness what might if a plant cell were encircled by unadulterated water. As unadulterated water has the most elevated water fixation conceivable, assimilation will constantly happen into the cell vacuole, which by definition contains an answer lower water focus. The plant cell will take in as much water as is expected to make the water levels on either side of the film equivalent. As the glucose particles can't drop of the cell to compare the water levels, the volume of cell sa... ...request to acquire a more extensive and increasingly exact base of proof. There is degree for additional examination of the theme so as to acquire additional proof and reach an increasingly precise inference. For model, presently the centralization of potato cell sap has been distinguished at about 15%, a littler scope of arrangement qualities could be utilized in an in any case indistinguishable analysis; 5 arrangements of 10% and 20% fixation for instance. On the other hand, examinations could be directed into the impacts of assimilation on various vegetables or more broadly plants when all is said in done. For additional data on the potato, the same trial could be directed utilizing tests from various parts of the plant. This would build up whether various territories of a plant have contrasting degrees of sucrose in their cell sap. Any of these proposals would both assistance to help my decision and broaden the examination when all is said in done further. List of sources - GCSE Biology D. G. Mackean - Biology for You Gareth Williams - The Times GCSE Revision Guides - Biology PC CD ROM - Hutchinson's Multimedia Encyclopedia PC CD ROM - www.britannica.com - www.bbc.co.uk/training - www.homeworkhigh.com/science - www.learn.co.uk An examination of the glucose centralization of the cell sap in potato An examination of the glucose centralization of the cell sap in potato cells In this analysis I expect to research the impacts of assimilation on potato cells. In particular, I plan to utilize my insight into assimilation to explore the glucose grouping of the cell sap in potato cells. Assimilation is a technique by which water levels on either side of a semi porous film may adjust themselves. It happens between locales of high water fixation and low water focus. As it is a extraordinary technique for dissemination selective to water, it additionally permits weaken what's more, concentrated answers for balance their qualities. It does this by forestalling huge non-water particles from going through the semi-porous layer because of their size, all together that the water levels on either side may compare, paying little heed to the arrangement's other substance. Assimilation is detached, in other words it doesn't require vitality all together to be performed. This is on the grounds that it happens exclusively between districts of high and low water fixation. The heading and speed of assimilation relies upon the two arrangements' osmotic potential. This is the proportion of the weight by which the water particles of an answer diffuse over a semi-porous film. An answer's latent capacity is characterized by its focus. The increasingly dissolvable an answer has in it, the lower its water fixation also, the lower its osmotic potential. In the model beneath sugar particles speak to the dissolvable. Cell sap is contained in the vacuole of a cell and is a section glucose, part water arrangement. The film of the cell goes about as a semi-penetrable film across which assimilation happens (see underneath). On account of assimilation into and out of the vacuole, it happens across two films - the plasmalemma and the tonoplast. At the point when assimilation happens, water may enter or leave the vacuole as per the grouping of the substances inside and outside the potato cell. In the model underneath we witness what might if a plant cell were encircled by unadulterated water. As unadulterated water has the most elevated water fixation conceivable, assimilation will constantly happen into the cell vacuole, which by definition contains an answer lower water focus. The plant cell will take in as much water as is expected to make the water levels on either side of the film equivalent. As the glucose particles can't drop of the cell to compare the water levels, the volume of cell sa... ...request to acquire a more extensive and increasingly exact base of proof. There is degree for additional examination of the point so as to acquire additional proof and make an increasingly precise inference. For model, presently the grouping of potato cell sap has been recognized at about 15%, a littler scope of arrangement qualities could be utilized in an in any case indistinguishable investigation; 5 arrangements of 10% and 20% fixation for instance. Then again, examinations could be directed into the impacts of assimilation on various vegetables or more broadly plants when all is said in done. For additional data on the potato, the same examination could be directed utilizing tests from various parts of the plant. This would build up whether various regions of a plant have varying degrees of sucrose in their cell sap. Any of these proposals would both assistance to help my decision and expand the examination when all is said in done further. Book index - GCSE Biology D. G. Mackean - Biology for You Gareth Williams - The Times GCSE Revision Guides - Biology PC CD ROM - Hutchinson's Multimedia Encyclopedia PC CD ROM - www.britannica.com - www.bbc.co.uk/training - www.homeworkhigh.com/science - www.learn.co.uk

Life and Death in California Essay Example For Students

Life and Death in California Essay Life Death in the State of CaliforniaIn the United States, the primary realized execution was of Daniel Frank and it occurred in the Colony of Virginia. Candid was executed in 1622 for the wrongdoing of burglary (University of Alaska). Since the hour of Daniel Frank, capital punishment has quite often been a piece of our criminal equity framework, beginning in the provinces and proceeding in the United States after we won our autonomy. To the extent the United States goes, I am going to begin in 1930 in light of the fact that this was the point at which the Bureau of Justice Statistics, United States Department of Justice, first began to aggregate information on a genuinely ordinary premise. From 1930 through 1967, 3859 individuals were executed under common conditions in the United States. Others were executed however they were finished under the ward of the United States military. During this time of almost forty years over portion of those executed (54%) were dark, forty five perc ent were white, and the staying one percent were from other racial gatherings American Indians (an aggregate of 19 executed from 1930-1967), Filipino (13), Chinese (8), Japanese (2). By a wide margin most of those being executed were men; just 32 ladies were executed somewhere in the range of 1930 and 1967. During this equivalent timeframe the United States Army (and the Air Force) executed 160 individuals, including 106 executions for homicide (21 included assault), 53 for assault, and one for renunciation. The U.S. Naval force has not executed anybody since 1849 (University of Alaska). Solid weight from parties contradicted to the utilization of capital punishment brought about an informal ban on executions for quite a long while, with the last one occurring in 1967. Lawful difficulties to capital punishment hinted at a 5-4 United States Supreme Court choice in Furman v. Georgia. Furman v. Georgia struck down the government and state the death penalty laws that allowed wide cautio n of the utilization of capital punishment. Most of the judges administered these laws as remorseless and irregular discipline infringing upon the eighth amendment to the U.S. Constitution and the fair treatment assurances of the fourteenth amendment. Just Justices Brennan and Marshall announced the death penalty to be illegal in all examples (Furman v. Georgia). Furman v. Georgia prompted numerous new passing condemning laws. The primary execution under the new laws occurred in Utah when Gary Gilmore was executed by terminating crew for homicide. Gilmores execution was the main execution that had occurred in the United States since 1967. From 1977 to 1997, an aggregate of 432 executions had occurred. Out of those detainees executed during this timeframe, 266 were white, 161 were dark, and five were different races. Before the finish of 1997, 38 states and the national government had the death penalty law; 12 states have no capital punishment (University of Alaska). I had discovered the historical backdrop of capital punishment in California to be fascinating, particularly since we had gone to Folsom State Penitentiary the other week. In any case, that is another story since we are beginning after Furman v. Georgia. In any case, the California Supreme Court pronounces capital punishment brutal and irregular discipline infringing upon the state constitution on February 18, 1972. 107 prisoners are removed from death row and resentenced. This happened an entire three months before the Furman v. Georgia choice was set down. Later on August 11, 1977 the state Legislature re-authorizes capital punishment and on November 7, 1978 the California voters make a considerably greater stride by endorsing a much more extensive arrangement of laws that supplant the 1977 resolution. What's more, on April 21, 1992 there was a milestone event; Robert Alton Harris is executed making him the first since the lawmaking body had brought back capital punishment in Augus t of 1977. On August 27, 1992 there was another technique for death presented. This was brought by deadly infusion, prisoners may now pick among infusion and deadly gas (not gassing). Another detainee, David Mason was executed on the 24th of August in 1993 after he relinquished the entirety of his interests. On October 4, 1994 the gas chamber was administered to be merciless and abnormal discipline and in this way unlawful. Deadly infusion is currently the sole technique for execution left in the province of California. William Bonin turned into the first to be executed by this new methods for execution on February 23, 1996 (D.P.Org. History). On May 3, 1996 Keith (Danny) Williams was executed my deadly infusion, making him the fourth to be executed by the state since the restoration of capital punishment. Someone else was executed on July 14, 1998. He was Thomas Martin Thompson; he was executed despite the fact that there was some proof of his blamelessness. In 1999 two men were ex ecuted in California. The primary execution was on February ninth with the demise of Jaturun Siripongs, a Thai national. The second execution in 1999 occurred on May fourth when a Vietnam War veteran, Manual Babbit, was killed despite the fact that he had a past filled with psychological sickness and post horrible pressure. Three additional individuals have been executed in California as per my data, one out of 2000, one out of 2001, and another in 2002. On March 15, 2000 Darrell Young Elk Rich turned into the main Native American to be executed since Californias reestablishment of capital punishment in 1977. Darrell Young Elk Richs demand for a hallowed perspiration stop was denied. A perspiration hold up is a refinement service that is proportional to a Catholics last customs (D.P.Org. History). In March of 2001 on the 27th Robert Lee Massie was executed by the territory of California. He had intentional finished his interests procedure after about thirty years waiting for capital punishment. At long last, on January 29, 2002 Stephen Wayne Anderson was executed by the territory of California. The death penalty in California, as in each other state, is more costly than an actual existence detainment sentence without the chance of parole (D.P.Org. Cost). These expenses are not the aftereffect of pointless interests yet rather the consequence of Constutionally commanded shields that essentially go this way: first, the juries must be given clear rules on condemning, which bring about express arrangements for what establishes exasperating and relieving conditions. Likewise, respondents must have a double preliminary one to set up blame or guiltlessness and if blameworthy a subsequent preliminary to decide if they would get capital punishment. As a last shield, litigants condemned to death are conceded three programmed requests: one to the state bids court, another to the state incomparable court, and finally one to the government court. My Responsibility to America EssayThe preliminary procedure for a capital case midpoints around 1.9 million dollars in California while a standard existence without the chance of parole midpoints $650,000 (Erickson, David). So lets start with a standard existence without the chance of parole case. The normal time of detainees not waiting for capital punishment is 35 years. By and large. The expense of keeping these prisoners detained every year is $28,439. So including the 32 years at a two percent expansion rate will give you a detainment cost of around a million dollars, or $995,933.78. Add this to the recently settled expense of $650,000 for a LWOP preliminary and you got yourself an expense of $1.6-1.7 million for the preliminary and imprisonment. On to capital punishment case. The normal age of a man waiting for capital punishment is in his right on time to mid forties. You likewise need to consider that the normal time spent on the death row in California is ten years (Californ ia Department of Corrections, Capital Punishment). So ten years waiting for capital punishment at $26,894 every year all things considered. Including the ten years at a two percent swelling rate will give you a detainment cost of just shy of $300,000, or $293,144.60. Add this to the preliminary expense of $1,898,323 and the citizens will be paying $2,191,467.60. Goodness, you additionally need to include the $86.08 that it costs for the three synthetic concoctions used to slaughter the detainees. You presently have an expense of $2,191,553.68 for the citizens. There is a distinction in the expenses of the two techniques. It is $568,297.90 less expensive to detain somebody for life in jail as opposed to give them capital punishment. Keeping somebody bolted up everlastingly reduces our open security, however not to a degree that anybody ought to try and stress over. As of now in California we have the most minimal break rate since 1949. In 2002 in the California Department of Correcti ons framework, there were just 9 getaways from jail and every one of them were out of level I offices. There were 0 breaks from level II, III, or IV offices (California Department of Corrections, Offender Escapes). In the entirety of the data that I could discover on the California Department of Corrections site existence without the chance of parole detainees from most extreme security penitentiaries never escape in California. I couldn't discover any data to show that capital punishment lessens kills in any capacity by any stretch of the imagination. The entirety of the data that I went over essentially said that when murders are done, they are normally done seemingly out of the blue so the outcomes are not thought of, or when arranged the individual doing the slaughtering couldn't care less about the results. There are some social costs that are not calculated into the affordable evaluation. For example, the individual being executed is a piece of some family. Regardless of wheth er they see them of not, it will have an effect on the denounced detainees kids, spouses, family, and so forth.

Free Essay Samples - Where to Get Them

Free Essay Samples - Where to Get ThemThe Internet has become a huge marketplace for free essay samples. This has become quite common these days with the increase in people getting enrolled in online courses and other learning opportunities. Online learning and assignments allow students to get an idea of how a particular topic would be presented before taking it up in class. If you have been wondering if free sample essays is a good option for your next assignment, the answer is yes.What happens is you sign up with a particular company that offers health coverage and they send you a questionnaire and essay. This may be the reason why so many students continue to do this now. By doing so, they can get an idea about whether or not their health insurance company provides them with a complete package. Most companies only provide coverage for a portion of a given course, but still a thorough understanding is obtained.The sample essay can be submitted either via mail or by email. It is ad vised that you first read the essay thoroughly to ensure that it is grammatically correct and does not contain any grammatical errors. Even though there are free online resources that offer free sample essays, you must check to make sure that the site is legitimate. If it is, it will certainly give you an idea about what to expect from the essay.Once you have done that, it is now time to fill out the sample essay. If you are fortunate enough to be able to apply for a job with a health insurance company, you will receive free sample essays online. Free sample essays also come with a part or a full question to write. These may be used to make sure that you know all the aspects of the given topic.Besides that, there are other benefits that are obtained from free essay samples. These may include 'full access' to the service. This means that once you have completed the essay, you can submit it anytime you want and so forth. There is no limitation on how many times you can submit it.While there are many websites that offer free sample essays, it is important to make sure that the company you sign up with is reputable. You may not want to lose out on a great opportunity because of a few bad experiences. While you may have to pay a little extra in order to get the service, it will not be a financial burden.Health Insurance is one of the biggest problems facing the world today. By getting a good idea about your health coverage through free essay samples, you will have the needed tools in order to decide which service is right for you.

Fukushima Informative Speech Essays - 777 Words

Topic: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Disaster Purpose: To inform the audience about the heroic actions of the Fukushima Daiichi cleanup workers. Thesis: The Fukushima Daiichi cleanup workers are incredibly brave. Introduction: The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster was the largest nuclear disaster since Chernobyl. It measured 7 on the Nuclear Event Scale, which is the highest rating. The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster was initiated by a magnitude 9 earthquake. This earthquake caused a tsunami with waves reaching up to 133 feet to crash on the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant. This caused major damage to the nuclear plant. Workers were needed to keep this already terrible incident from escalading. The Fukushima Daiichi cleanup workers are†¦show more content†¦The Skilled Veterans Corps is a group of 250 people over the age of 60 who are willing to volunteer. i. Their idea simple, since they are old, they will not live to see the harmful long-term effects of the radiation. They want to work instead of the younger generation to prevent them from being exposed to these high levels of radiation. b. The media starting calling these men the suicide corps but they reject this nickname and prefer to go by The Skilled Veteran Corps. i. The name â€Å"Suicide Corps† is a play on the Kamikazes from World War II however, they say it is not suicide since they will not live to see the effects of the radiation. ii. Yasuteru Yamada, a member of the Skilled Veterans Corps, said to CNN, â€Å"We have to work instead of them; Elders have less sensitivity to radiation.† (CNN) iii. These members of the Skilled Veterans Corps are brave and selfless. Transition 2: The Skilled Veterans Corps were brave and selfless and the Fukushima firefighters shared these attributes. 3) The Fukushima Firefighters are the brave men who helped defuse the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster. a. Fresh water was a key necessity to cool down the nuclear reactor cores. i. Without fresh water, the core would overheat and explode causing more damage and spread the radiation further. ii. Tokyo fire departments elite Hyper Rescue Squad wasShow MoreRelatedEssay on Informative Speech Outline1144 Words   |  5 PagesInformative Speech: Nuclear Energy Purpose: The purpose of this speech is to inform others about the production, utilizations and impacts of nuclear energy. I. INTRODUCTION A. Attention Getter: When most people think of nuclear energy, the first thing that comes to their minds is a devastating bomb explosion or a nuclear power plant meltdown. But, in reality, nuclear energy is a sustainable energy source that has an enormous variety of uses. B. Thesis: The uses of nuclear energy range from

What Does Manufacturing Consent Mean - 924 Words

1) What does manufacturing consent mean? †¢ Noam Chomsky separates his surroundings in 2 groups. They are people that make decisions and have control over the politics, the culture and education of society. The 20% include big news corporations, for example he discusses The New York times quite a few time throughout the film. The remaining 80% are the followers. That is what most of the world is. These are people that either do not know, or do not care about the truth. Actually, the 80% has an important job and that is to be brainwashed. Without people acting like sheep, theses major corporations would not be able to function. 2) When manufactured consent is reached in society, how does this affect our ability to examine crime and our criminal justice system as a whole? †¢ The information that is put out through the mass media is filtered, so it not only has pieces missing, it also has bias reporting’s. 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Uniqueness Theorems In Linear Elasticity

Question: Discuss about a Report on Uniqueness Theorems In Linear Elasticity? Answer: Linear Elasticities If the fare of the express bus rises, then the demand for the express bus will fall. Now, here in the table, data on arc elasticity are given. The demand for the trips can be calculated by the trips in the pick hours. Here total number of trip is 4000. This is split between the express and the local bus in a ratio of 40: 60. Now, total trips for express bus is, 4000 * (40 / 100) = 1600 Total number of trips of local bus is, 4000 * (60 / 100) = 2400 Price for travelling by express bus is, say, Pe = 1 On the other hand, price for travelling by local bus is, say, Pl = .50 1. Now, the fare of the express bus has been raised from $ 1 to $ 1.50. The formula for arc elasticity of demand is, E = % change in demand for express bus / % change in fare of express bus -.15 = % change in demand for express bus / ((1.50 1) / (2.50/2)) % change in demand for express bus = -.15 * (.50/1.25) So, percentage change in demand for express bus = (-0.15) * 0.4 = .06 % Therefore, the demand will fall by .06 % due to the rise in the fare of ticket of express bus. Total number of trips of express bus will fall by .06%*1600 = .96 On the other hand, the demand for the local bus will rise. Elasticity = % change in the demand for local bus / % change in the fare of express bus So, .02 = % change in the demand for local bus / 0.4 So, % change in the demand for local bus = 0.2 * 0.4 = .08 % The demand for the local bus will rise by .08% Trips of local bus will rise by .08%*2400= 1.9 =2 (approx) 2. The travel time for the express bus has fallen from 30 minutes to 25 minutes. So, the demand for express bus will rise. Now, arc elasticity = % change in demand for express bus / % change in the travel time of express bus - .08 = % change in demand for express bus / ((25 30)/ ((30 + 25) / 2)) So, % change in demand for express bus = (-.08) * ((-5) / (55 / 2)) = .0144 Here it is seen that the demand for express bus will rise by .0144 % due to fall in the travel time of express bus (Knops and Payne, 2012). Trips for express bus will rise by .0144%*1600= 0.23 On the other hand, the demand for the local bus will fall immediately. Ark elasticity = % change in the demand for local bus / % change in the travel time of express bus So, .01 = % change in the demand for local bus / ((25 30)/ ((30 + 25) / 2)) % change in the demand for local bus = .01 * ((-5) / (55 / 2)) = -.0018 % Therefore, here it is seen that the percentage of demand for the local bus will fall by .0018% Trips of local bus will fall by .0018%*2400= .04 3. It is assumed that the data of arc elasticity are actually point elasticity. Now, if the express bus fare rises from $1 to $1.30, then the demand for express bus will fall and the demand for the local bus will rise. If the local bus fare is reduced, then the demand for the express bus will fall and the demand for the local bus will rise (Eringen and Suhubi, 2013). Effect of rise in the express bus fare Elasticity = % change in demand for express bus / ((1.30-1) / 1) So, % change in demand for express bus = -.15 * .30 = -.045% Therefore, the effect of change in express bus fare is .045% reduction in the demand for express bus. Trips of express bus will fall by .045%*1600= .72 Local bus demand will rise. Elasticity = % change in the demand for local bus / ((1.30-1) / 1) So, % change in the demand for local bus = .02 * .30 = .006% The demand for local bus will rise by .006% Trips of local bus will rise by .006%*2400= .144 Effect of fall in the local bus fare Demand for express bus will fall. Elasticity = % change in the demand for express bus / ((.50-.40)/.50) So, % change in the demand for express bus = .62 * .02= .0124% The demand for express bus will fall by .0124% Trips of express bus will fall by .0124%*1600= .198=.2 (approx) The demand for local bus will rise. Elasticity = % change in the demand for local bus / ((.50-.40)/.50) So, % change in the demand for local bus = - .03 * .02 = -.0006% Therefore, the demand for local bus will rise by .0006%. Trips for local bus will rise by .0006%*2400= .0144. Reference List Knops, R. J., and Payne, L. E. (2012).Uniqueness Theorems In Linear Elasticity(Vol. 19). Springer Science Business Media. Eringen, A. C., and Suhubi, E. S. (2013).Linear theory. Academic press.

Is Information On The Net Invalid Essays - , Term Papers

Is Information on the Net Invalid? Is Information on the Net Invalid? In his essay, "Picking Nits on the Net," John Oughton reminds Internet users that information on the Net does not have a guarantee of authenticity, so it must be carefully evaluated. Oughton gives some examples and also provides some useful advice on evaluating information on the Internet. Oughton's writing is well supported by reasonable arguments, informative and very useful, and the examples that he uses are commonly encountered by most Internet users; however, sometimes he understates the advantages of valuable information on the Net. Some examples that Oughton uses to support his claims are very reasonable. As we can see in his thesis, he states that in this computerized era, people should be critical in evaluating any information on the Internet. To support that argument, Oughton gives some reasons. First, he says that information we get from the Internet is not reliable, with no assurance of its credibility. It is really true since people with whatever background of knowledge can write and design nice looking Web sites and it is easy to disseminate any information by using the World Wide Web. Second, he also states, "all information on the Internet looks equal" (463). In particular, when surfing the Net, we might find that at first sight, some information really looks similar and real, and usually we do not think about its quality rather than its quantity. Indeed, misleading information and fake images might trick even skeptical persons with its good quality. It was not so long ago, when I came across some sites intended to attack certain people, beliefs, or organizations that I realized how irresponsible information could really be harmful. For that reason, I agree with Oughton that " the unexamined site is not worth believing" (462). Moreover, Oughton's writing is very informative and useful to Internet users. For example, when he gives some guidelines for surfers to surf the Net by suggesting to determine the credibility of sources, to check citations from individuals or institutions before forwarding them, and to remain skeptical in analyzing information on the Net. These guidelines, which are leading surfers to be more critical, I think, are very helpful and important in examining an extremely large collection of information on the Net. They are the basic things Internet users need to know before surfing the Net. In addition, the examples that Oughton uses in the first paragraph about "forwarded copies of false" virus warnings, "myths about LSD... in sticks-on tattoos," and "a mortally ill little boy who wants the postcards... to get into The Guinness Book of Records" (462) are also very common for most Internet users. As an Internet user myself, I can relate to what Oughton says, since I often find pieces of forwarded junk mail in my mailbox. These pieces of mail are usually about false virus warnings as mentioned by Oughton. Sometimes, I even receive mail that tells me I would be lucky if I forward it to a number of people. Unbelievably, some people actually do that, and I have to waste time deleting that mail. Apart from the effectiveness of Oughton's arguments, some of his arguments understate the advantages of valuable information on the Internet. For instance, Oughton is overdramatic when he states, " with its huge range of news, information, opinion, promotion, and entertainment, the Internet... is no more reliable a source of fact than is your neighbor at the water cooler and backyard fence" (462). According to his statement, it appears that most of information we get from the Net is unreliable, like gossip with no validity. As a consequence, people who read his article might think the quality of information is worse than the reality that appears on the Net. Nevertheless, there are times when I have had problems with viruses; however, I received an e-mail that informed me how to deal with it, and it really worked. Evaluating the reliability and quality of information found on the Internet is one of the biggest problems facing Internet users. I find Oughton's essay edifying and useful for surfers. It makes us even more aware of the problems of unreliable information on the Net and how to critically assess it. Although people's reactions may vary from easy acceptance to skeptical dismissal, the truth is that the Internet provides extraordinary information sharing with a lot of great resources. Still, it would be wise to examine and screen information on the Net with caution and discernment.